CO 300.24

The article, “On Teenagers and Tattoos” is written by Andres Martin and was published on June 19997 from the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. This article explains how mainly younger people or teenagers get tattoos. In today’s society, the new fashion trend accessory is a tattoo or piercing for younger people. It is very common for tattoos these days, especially visible and multiple tattoos. One of the concerns with tattoos is that they can be irreversible and be permanent (par. 2). Although piercings can be removed, there may be a hole or scar left afterwards. Tattoos can be a source of peer pressure and needing to belong or fit in with certain groups (par. 2). Martin touches on three main sections of psychological cases in which teens get tattoos. The first section is “Identity and the Adolescent’s Body.” He notes that even in family situations, a tattoo can be a way to rebel because they feel out of place in their family. However, some teenagers get a tattoo so they can be different and stand out from the other many teenagers. The second section Martin brings up is “Incorporation and Ownership.” For example, tattoos can be evidence of a relationship when it feels like it doesn’t exist anymore. Having a tattoo of a name or date can help you remember what it was like when the person or thing was there, but now has gone away. Even from an early age imagination helps create the vivid fantasy of a tattoo. The last section Martin wants to demonstrate is “The Quest for Permanence.” What he means by permanence is that a tattoo can serve as an “anchor” for stability and consistency, when all else seems to change in our lives (par. 10). Even though the tattoo might appear to be “stable,” our world is always changing (par. 10). For example, if someone were to get a tattoo of their baby’s face, then as the baby grows older, the tattoo will remain from when they were a baby, even though they have grown up and look completely different. There are many different psychological reasons that teenagers get tattoos, but instead of judging them from the outside surface of their skin, we should take a deeper, internal look at them and find out who they are first.

From the article, “On Teenagers and Tattoos” the topic is clearly tattoos. The issue of this article is psychologically speaking, why do teenagers get tattoos so young? There are many different reasons that teenagers get tattoos but Martin is touching just on some of the psychological reasons. Typically, the most common age group of people to get tattoos is teenagers. According to a recent survey from Tattoo Health, “36% of young Americans between 18-25 have tattoos. The numbers seem astronomically high in comparison to just a decade ago, when tattoos still carried a taboo” (tattoohealth.org). The popularity of teenagers getting tattoos has grown within the past couple of years, since it’s the new, “cool” thing to do. The writer of this article Dr. Andres Martin is a Professor of Child Psychiatry and a Medical Director for Children’s Psychiatric Inpatient Service at New Haven Children’s Hospital (Yale School of Medicine). In the author information right before the article, it states that “Dr. Martin is Assistant Professor of Child Psychiatry, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT” (par. before the article). Dr. Martin is a credible writer and has co-written many publications regarding child and adolescent psychiatry and psychological issues (Yale School of Medicine). The exigency of this article is that many teenagers are getting tattoos at an early age and there are many psychological reasons why. It is important that teens read and consider this article before they get a tattoo. Teenagers thinking process is different than a fully developed adult’s and their taste in tattoos may change which means they may not want the same tattoo years down the road.  The audience to whom the author intended this article for are teenagers who are considering a tattoo, and for parents to inform their teenagers about getting a tattoo and also to understand the psychological reasons their teenager wants a tattoo. This article is also for anyone else considering a tattoo. The purpose of this article is to inform teens and parents that there are deeper, underlying psychological reasons for teenagers to get tattoos at an early stage in their life. The message Martin is trying to get across is that we shouldn’t judge teenagers and their surface tattoos until we get to know the real them, instead of their outer appearance. In the very last sentence of the article, Martin explains, “we may not only arrive at a position to pass more reasoned clinical judgment, but become sensitized through our patients’ skins to another level of their internal reality,” meaning that everyone has a reason deep down for getting their tattoo (par. 13). Whatever the stage in which the teen is considering a tattoo, there is a thought process behind it and a reaso. This article was published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, volume 36(6) in June of 1997 and the publication type is a clinical perspective. According to the AACAP (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry) web site, AACAP has helped inform thousands of parents about issues with their children and adolescents (www.aacap.org). This organization helps spread the awareness to parents to help understand children’s mental illnesses and disorders through their professional Journal.

This article has many strong points but many weak points as well. First of all, I do agree with Martin that teenagers tend to get tattoos at an early age because it is a fashion statement and it’s considered the “cool thing to do.” Younger people don’t realize that in 5 or even 10 years, they may not want that tattoo on their body anymore. Teenagers usually still have a lot of growing up to do, maturing and change their minds frequently. Tattoos are permanent and won’t come off unless you get the expensive laser removal treatment which usually costs a lot more than the original tattoo (around $1000) and the pain is much worse than getting the tattoo itself. Also, I think that what he is trying to say is that there is an underlying meaning of the tattoo; we should get to know them before we make any judgmental assessments and dig deeper. I think that overall, there are more weaknesses than there are strengths. This article talks only about just a few psychological reasons that teens get tattoos, even though there are many reasons. Even the title of the article is very vague and should say something along the lines of the psychological issues or reasons with teenagers and tattoos. Simply adding one word such as “Psychology on Teenagers and Tattoos” would help prepare the reader beforehand and not be so broad. I was unsure on what I was getting into when reading this article at first. “On teenagers and Tattoos” could mean just about anything. Another weakness with this article is that Martin doesn’t show a lot of evidence to help back up his claim that mostly teenagers get tattoos. He also doesn’t include where he is getting his information from. He could improve on this by using some statistics to help demonstrate how many teenagers actually get tattoos. I think that using more evidence would help clarify with the reader that mainly teens get tattoos. There are laws in certain states that require a minimum age without parental consent to get a tattoo which he does briefly mention but he could expand on this. This is the reason that children under 18 usually don’t have tattoos, unless their parents go with them. He says over and over that teens are getting tattoos at a young age but how young is too young? Martin says, “Tattoos are occasionally seen in older teenagers” but doesn’t clarify an approximate age (par. 2). However, he doesn’t mention a lot about teens under the age of 18 getting tattoos and how that is an even bigger problem. Usually, teens under 18 aren’t mature enough to make the decision by themselves to get a tattoo and that is why the law remains at 18. Martin explains the psychological reasons why younger people get tattoos but doesn’t say any of the risks or problems with getting a tattoo so young. For example, most teenagers bodies are still growing and the result would be a stretched out tattoo. The tattoo would look distorted and would have to be retouched later, which means more pain and money. Martin briefly talks about piercings, but I’m not sure that it is very relevant to tattoos. The article is called, “On Teenagers and Tattoos” but the title doesn’t say anything about piercings. Most people associate tattoos with piercings but he shouldn’t bring up piercings and not go into further detail about it. Piercings are usually reversible and easy to take out where tattoos are irreversible (unless laser treatment) and will forever be there. I felt as though he never really took a side as to if tattoos on teenagers were a good thing or a bad thing. It seemed at first that he was against tattoos because they are irreversible and teens are getting them so young these days but then he goes on to explain the psychological reasons why teenagers do get tattoos. Martin says we shouldn’t judge them until we get to know them first but is he judging teens on their age of getting tattoos so young? He is a credible writer and I would imagine that he would have a little more input on the issue. Martin doesn’t express his thoughts or concerns however, it is a clinical perspective.

The next piece is a cartoon clip from a newspaper article. The title of the segment is called “Zits” by Jerry Scott and Jim Borgman which was published in the Loveland Reporter Herald on September 17, 2006. These clips feature in the newspaper daily, so each “Zits” comic is referred to by the issue date. The cartoon starts off with two characters in which the first character has spiky brown hair that is in a mow hawk. He is wearing a black shirt and jeans and it appears that he has his ears pierced several times, with long dangly earrings and his septum or nose pierced. The second character has on a purple shirt and jeans with longer, shaggy blonde hair and he is playing on a red guitar. The first character tells the second character that he should get a tattoo on his bicep and the second guy asks what kind he should get. The first guy replies with, “I don’t know… something that says who you are and what you believe in” (box 2). The second thinks about it for a minute and thinks that he has an idea and asks for the pen. He draws a question mark with barbed wire onto his bicep and asks, “Something like this?” (box 4). The first character studies the “tattoo” that the second drew and says, “It looks like a barbed wire question mark” (box 5). The second replies with, “signifying that I’m not sure who I am or what I believe in, but with attitude” (box 5).

Just like the previous article, the topic of the comic “Zits” is tattoos. The comic talks about tattoos, even from the beginning box. The issue that arises from this comic is why are teenagers getting tattoos? Are teenagers getting tattoos just to get one? The first character says that the other character should get a tattoo, just like it’s a common, everyday thing. Teenagers don’t realize how big of a commitment it is to get a tattoo; it’s permanent. Teens think its cool just to have one, no matter what kind of tattoo it is. They don’t realize what they are getting themselves into. A tattoo should have a meaning or symbolize something important in one’s life. Since the comic is not an article, there isn’t any room before the comic or a place for an “about the author” section. I had a hard time finding any information about the two authors but I did find a few things on the comic series itself. According to ArcaMax Publishing, the comic “Zits” debuted in 1997 and is still around today (www.arcamax.com). Also, “Pulitzer Prize winner Borgman collaborated with Scott after working as a cartoonist with the Cincinnati Enquirer, while Scott continued work on his other popular comic, “Baby Blues” (www.arcamax.com). The lack of information regarding the authors doesn’t leave much credibility to their names. The exigency of this comic is that teenagers are getting tattoos too fast and should think about the consequences of their actions before they commit to a tattoo. Getting a tattoo should involve a longer thought process and should be strung out as long as possible until they are very sure of what will be permanently drawn onto their body. The audience the authors directed this towards is teenagers, especially ones considering a tattoo. Even though this is comical and is meant for anyone who picks up the newspaper to read the comics every day, the audience could be anyone but would have to be teenagers because of the message that the authors are trying to portray. Due to the fact that this is a comic and not much room for words and explanations, there is plenty of room for interpretation. The authors let you think what you want and interpret it for yourself, but there is an underlying purpose and message they want you to discover. The purpose of this comic is that Scott and Borgman are trying to inform teenagers that they don’t know who they are yet. Getting a tattoo is a long-term commitment and they shouldn’t get a tattoo just to get one. The message that they are trying to say is that teens shouldn’t rush a tattoo because they are still maturing and are unsure of who they are yet. Most teens just want a tattoo to fit in with the crowd because all their friends have one. A tattoo would be permanent and in a few years, they will have grown up and possibly won’t want that tattoo that is forever on their body. Why rush a tattoo when they could wait until they have something that really says who they are and what they believe in instead of just an unplanned tattoo? The medium of  this comic is featured in the Loveland Reporter Herald which is a daily newspaper. It reaches the surrounding area of Loveland, CO and Northern Colorado and anyone who has a subscription in it. Reading the newspaper may be an everyday thing for most people and “Zits” is featured in many other newspapers as well.

The comic from “Zits” has its strengths and weakness just like the previous article. One of the weaknesses it has is that it doesn’t have any evidence to support their argument. However, “Zits” is a comic and doesn’t have room for evidence but lets you interpret what they are trying to say. There are more strengths with this comic than there are weaknesses. One of the strengths that I found is that this comic is a very efficient argument. I think that overall the argument was efficient and was effective. The authors got the point across in a simple way. The authors introduce two teenage characters and one of which is unsure of whom he is yet. This is very common among teenagers today. Most teens are unsure of who they are and what they believe in because they haven’t discovered themselves yet. They need time to mature and grow up before they can make decisions that are permanent. A lot of teens can relate to this comic which makes it funny but also at the same time, true. The message of this comic is very clear and concise. Also, the message can be understood easily, but it depends on how you interpret it yourself. Tattoos are not being taken seriously among teenagers these days. They think they can go out and get a tattoo anytime they want and not have to pay any consequences years later. The characters in the comic are very simple looking and not too detailed. According to McCloud and his article, “The Vocabulary of Comics” people tend to respond to a cartoon image more than to a realistic image (pg. 30). Basically what McCloud is trying to say is that the more simplified the cartoon or image is, the more people will respond to it  According to the article, it points out that “By stripping down an image to its essential ‘meaning,’ an artist can amplify that meaning in a way that realistic art can’t” (pg. 30). In other words, the simpler the better. The characters are very basic so that the reader isn’t concentrating on what’s going on in the picture but the message that Scott and Borgman are trying to give to the readers. The layout and organization of the “Zits” comic is very simplified and anyone can read it. The boxes are simple and go in chronological order so that the reader can focus on interpreting and understanding the message. There isn’t anything in the background to help distract the reader and the characters’ clothes are just solid colors. The reader’s focus is on the words of the comic and the pictures are there to help visualize the story. Another strength is that the medium of the comic helped get the issue out there because many people pick up a newspaper and like to read the comics. I think that this comic was very effective and demonstrated a good point in which teenagers don’t take tattoos seriously and get tattoos too young.

Works Cited

http://www.tattoohealth.org/blog/2009/05/teenagers_and_tattoos.html  

http://childstudycenter.yale.edu/faculty/martin.html

http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/about_us/about_us

http://www.arcamax.com/zits/bio

http://writing.colostate.edu/files/classes/5243/File_C9BC7054-00A5-CB22-7BCBD388FB0A9A54.pdf

CO 300.24

The article, “On Teenagers and Tattoos” is written by Andres Martin and was published on June 19997 from the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. This article explains how mainly younger people or teenagers get tattoos. In today’s society, the new fashion trend accessory is a tattoo or piercing for younger people. It is very common for tattoos these days, especially visible and multiple tattoos. One of the concerns with tattoos is that they can be irreversible and be permanent (Martin). Although piercings can be removed, there may be a hole or scar left afterwards. Tattoos can be a source of peer pressure and needing to belong or fit in with certain groups (Martin). Even in family situations, a tattoo can be a way to rebel because they feel out of place in their family. However, some teenagers get a tattoo so they can be different and stand out from the other many teenagers. Tattoos can be evidence of a relationship when it feels like it doesn’t exist. Having a tattoo of a name or date can help you remember what it was like when the person or thing has gone away. Even from an early age imagination helps create the vivid fantasy of a tattoo. Likewise, a tattoo can serve as an “anchor” for stability and consistency, when all else seems to change in our lives (Martin). Even though the tattoo might appear to be “stable,” our world is always changing (Martin). For example, if someone were to get a tattoo of their baby’s face, then as the baby grows older, the tattoo will remain from when they were a baby, even though they have grown up and look completely different. There are many different psychological reasons that teenagers get tattoos, instead of judging them from the outside surface of their skin, we should take a deeper, internal look at them.

From the article, “On Teenagers and Tattoos” the topic is clearly tattoos. The issue of this article is psychologically, why do many teenagers get tattoos so young? Typically, the most common age group of people to get tattoos is teenagers. According to a recent survey from tattoohealth.org, “36% of young Americans between 18-25 have tattoos. The numbers seem astronomically high in comparison to just a
decade ago, when tattoos still carried a taboo” (tattoohealth.org). Since it’s the “cool” thing to do, each day more teenagers are getting tattoos. The writer of this article Dr. Andres Martin is a Professor of Child Psychiatry and a Medical Director for Children’s Psychiatric Inpatient Service at New Haven Children’s Hospital (Yale School of Medicine). In the author information right before the article, it states that “Dr. Martin is Assistant Professor of Child Psychiatry, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT” (Martin). Dr. Martin is a credible writer and has co-written many publications regarding child and adolescent psychiatry and psychological issues. The exigency of this article is that many teenagers are getting tattoos at an early age and there are many psychological reasons why. Teenagers thinking process is different than that of a fully developed adult’s and they may not want the same tattoo years down the road.  The audience to whom the author intended this article for are teenagers who are considering a tattoo, for parents to inform their teenagers about getting a tattoo and also to understand the psychological reasons their teenager wants a tattoo and for anyone else considering a tattoo. The purpose of this article is to inform people that there is a deeper, underlying psychological reason for teenagers to get tattoos at an early stage in their life. The message Martin is trying to get across is that we shouldn’t judge teenagers and their tattoos until we get to know the real them, instead of their outer appearance. In the very last sentence of the article, Martin explains, “we may not only arrive at a position to pass more reasoned clinical judgment, but become sensitized through our patients’ skins to another level of their internal reality,” meaning that everyone has a reason deep down for getting their tattoo (Martin). This article was published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, volume 36(6) in June of 1997 and the publication type is a clinical perspective. According to the AACAP (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry) web site, AACAP has helped inform thousands of parents about issues with their children and adolescents (www.aacap.org). This organization helps spread the awareness to parents to help understand children’s mental illnesses and disorders through their professional Journal.

This article has many strong points but many weak points as well. First of all, I do agree that teenagers tend to get tattoos at an early age because it is a fashion statement and it’s considered the “cool thing to do.” Younger people don’t realize that in 5 or even 10 years, they may not want that tattoo on their body anymore. Teenagers usually still have a lot of growing up to do and change their minds frequently. Tattoos are permanent and won’t come off unless you get the expensive laser removal treatment which usually costs a lot more than the original tattoo (around $1000) and the pain is much worse than getting the tattoo itself. Also, I think that what he is trying to say is that there is an underlying meaning of the tattoo; we should get to know them before we make any judgmental assessments and dig deeper. I think that overall, there are more weaknesses than there are strengths. This article talks mainly about the psychological reasons that teens get tattoos. Even the title of the article is very vague and should say something along the lines of the psychological issues or reasons with teenagers and tattoos. Simply adding one word such as “Psychology on Teenagers and Tattoos” would help prepare the reader beforehand and not be so broad. One of the weaknesses with this article is that Martin doesn’t much evidence to back up his claim that mostly teenagers get tattoos. He could use some statistics to help demonstrate how many teenagers actually get tattoos. There are laws in certain states that require a minimum age without parental consent to get a tattoo which he does briefly mention but he could expand on this. This is the reason that children under 18 usually don’t have tattoos, unless their parents go with them. He says over and over that teens are getting tattoos at a young age but how young is too young? However, he doesn’t mention a lot about teens under the age of 18 getting tattoos and how that is an even bigger problem. Usually, teens under 18 aren’t mature enough to make the decision by themselves to get a tattoo and that is why the law remains at 18. Martin explains the psychological reasons why younger people get tattoos but doesn’t say any of the risks or problems with getting a tattoo so young. For example, most teenagers are still growing and the result would be a stretched out tattoo, would look distorted and would have to be retouched later. Martin briefly talks about piercings, but I’m not sure that it is very relevant to tattoos. The article is called, “On Teenagers and Tattoos” but the title doesn’t say anything about piercings. Most people associate tattoos with piercings but he shouldn’t bring up piercings and not go into further detail about it. Piercings are usually reversible and easy to take out where tattoos are not and will forever be there. I felt as though he never really took a side as to if tattoos on teenagers were a good thing or a bad thing. It seemed at first that he was against tattoos because they are irreversible and teens are getting them so young these days but then he goes on to explain the psychological reasons why teenagers do get tattoos. He is a credible writer and I would imagine that he would have a little more input on the issue. Martin doesn’t express his thoughts or concerns but since it is a clinical perspective he shouldn’t have to.

The next piece is a cartoon clip from a newspaper article. The title of the segment is called “Zits” by Jerry Scott and Jim Borgman which was published in the Loveland Reporter Herald on September 17, 2006. These clips feature in the newspaper so the “Zits” go by the issue date. The cartoon starts off with two characters. The first character has spiky brown hair that is in a mow hawk and a black shirt and jeans on. It appears that he has his ears pierced several times with long dangly earrings and his nose or septum pierced. The second character has on a purple shirt and jeans and has longer shaggy blonde hair, playing on a red guitar. The first character tells the second character that he should get a tattoo on his bicep and the second asks what kind he should get. The first guy replies saying he doesn’t know, but “something that says who you are and what you believe in.” The second thinks about and it for a minute, thinks he has it and asks for the pen. He draws a question mark with barbed wire onto his bicep and asks, “Something like this?” The first character studies the “tattoo” drawing and says, “It looks like a barbed wire question mark.” The second replies with, “signifying that I’m not sure who I am or what I believe in, but with attitude.”

Martin doesn’t say where he’s getting his info from.

The Zits cartoon is constructed well and is funny.  It gets across the point that teens don’t know who they are or what they believe in, but with attitude.  The cartoon is just something for people to laugh at, not something for people to support.  It doesn’t have any evidence and it doesn’t apply to all genders, ages, and cultures.

 Zits Claim: that tattoos are not taking as seriously as they should be especailly among teenagers.

     Martain Claim:  Teenager and they tattoos needs to be taken more serisouly because they are deep underlying reasons why they are getting them. 

Martin– Martin’s article, “On Teenagers andTattoos”, is a well-structured and logical argument. The organization of the article clearly delineates his topics for the reader, and his strong professional background adds weight to his writing. However, his lack of concrete evidence from a representative sample size detracts from the credibility of the argument. 

Zits– Scott and Borgman’s “Zits” cartoon is a simplistic yet effective argument. The affordances of the medium are utilized well, although by the very nature of the comic strip there is not a lot of space for words. This leaves much of the meaning and interpretation of the argument up to the reader, which could be either beneficial of detrimental to the effectiveness of the argument.     

I think that the Zitz cartoon argument was successful because it is easily relatable to, easy to understand, and had a clear message. I did not think Martin’s argument was as strong because though the essay is well organized, his thoughts did not seem to be in a very logical order

http://www.tattoohealth.org/blog/2009/05/teenagers_and_tattoos.html  

http://childstudycenter.yale.edu/faculty/martin.html

http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/about_us/about_us

This article is arguing that tattoo’s are a good thing, they are not for everybody but you should be able to do what you want with your body. I found this on youtube.

I personallyhave a tattoo but mine is hidden and no one can see it unless i am in a swimsuit or something. Some people get trashy tattoos and they definitely arent for everyone.

Issue is it ok to have an abortion without being ashamed of it?

Exigency- 2008 elections.

Purpose- Call for purpose

Author-  “

com, who met when they were 22 years old and working for

The pair has been working to strengthen their perspective on reproductive rights

through various projects and have been speakers since the inception of Soap Box

Inc, with the joint goal to promote women’s rights activism and reach out to communities

regarding these issues.

Ms. Magazine.”

Audience- anyone who sees the shirt. Prolife and Prochoice activists and the population in general.

Medium- T-shirt. The article. The website.

Message- women have the right to freedom of speech as do we all.

As a frequent movie-goer, I have noticed that movie prices increase and it’s getting hard to afford. I wish that prices would decrease but it doesn’t seem likely. The article I found states the same thing and that the industry is making a lot of money off of movies so why would they decrease the price?

http://geargurublog.com/2009/07/23/women-in-construction/

2. Another part of the rhetorical context model presented in class is purpose—what the writer hopes to achieve with the argument. What is Bitzer’s goal with this article (p. 3)?

3. Bitzer comments that “countless eulogies to John F. Kennedy . . . never reached the public; they were filed, entered into diaries, or created in thought.” Similarly, the poet Edgar Lee Masters wrote an entire series of eulogies for fictional people (collected in The Spoon River Anthology). According to Bitzer’s theory could eulogies written for real people, but never delivered, or those that are fictionalized, be considered rhetorical utterances? Why or why not? Here is Masters’ poem: Alexander Thockmorton In youth my wings were strong and tireless,/ But I did not know the mountains./ In age I knew the mountains/ But my weary wings could not follow my vision—/ Genius is wisdom and youth.

4. How does 

1. Part of the rhetorical context model discussed in class is the issue. What is the issue Bitzer investigates in this article: what question is he asking?

2. Another part of the rhetorical context model presented in class is purpose—what the writer hopes to achieve with the argument. What is Bitzer’s goal with this article (p. 3)?

3. Bitzer comments that “countless eulogies to John F. Kennedy . . . never reached the public; they were filed, entered into diaries, or created in thought.” Similarly, the poet Edgar Lee Masters wrote an entire series of eulogies for fictional people (collected in The Spoon River Anthology). According to Bitzer’s theory could eulogies written for real people, but never delivered, or those that are fictionalized, be considered rhetorical utterances? Why or why not? Here is Masters’ poem: Alexander Thockmorton In youth my wings were strong and tireless,/ But I did not know the mountains./ In age I knew the mountains/ But my weary wings could not follow my vision—/ Genius is wisdom and youth.

4. How does Bitzer define a “genuinely rhetorical audience” (p. 12)?

5. Bitzer claims that “rhetorical situations come into existence, then either mature or decay or mature and persist—conceivably some persist indefinitely” (p. 12). What rhetorical situations continue unresolved today despite significant rhetorical discourse? 6

What parts of the rhetorical model presented in class (see below) does Bitzer not include in his model? What does he include that is not in the model presented in class. Rhetorical Context Components: topic—issue—writer—exigency—audience—purpose—message—medium

7. According to Bitzer’s definition that rhetoric “functions . . .to produce action or change in the world.” (p.4) could the following be considered rhetorical: A. Instructions for assembling a bike B. A caregiver shouting “stop” to a child who is about to run into the street. C. A development proposal sent to a city counsel for approval.

8. Bronislaw Malinowski observed that “. . . language functions as a link in concerted human activity, as a piece of human behaviour. It is a mode of action and not a means of reflection” (p.4). By this definition, might language use be considered a social science?

9. In the case of the fisherman referenced in Bitzer, how does the rhetorical situation put a constraint on the length of utterance (p.5)? Why would a full sentence or paragraph or entire 1500 word theme not fit the fishermen’s rhetorical situation?

10. According to Bitzer’s definiton, what type of audience is necessary for a situation to be rhetorical (p. 7)? How does he distinguish between reader and audience?

11. Do you agree with Bitzer that neither scientific discourse (say a report on results of an experiment) nor poetic discourse can be deemed rhetorical because they don’t REQUIRE an audience to achieve their goals and they are not intended to bring about change? Explain your answer. 
 

” (p. 12)?

5. Bitzer claims that “rhetorical situations come into existence, then either mature or decay or mature and persist—conceivably some persist indefinitely” (p. 12). What rhetorical situations continue unresolved today despite significant rhetorical discourse? 6

What parts of the rhetorical model presented in class (see below) does Bitzer not include in his model? What does he include that is not in the model presented in class. Rhetorical Context Components: topic—issue—writer—exigency—audience—purpose—message—medium

7. According to Bitzer’s definition that rhetoric “functions . . .to produce action or change in the world.” (p.4) could the following be considered rhetorical: A. Instructions for assembling a bike B. A caregiver shouting “stop” to a child who is about to run into the street. C. A development proposal sent to a city counsel for approval.

8. Bronislaw Malinowski observed that “. . . language functions as a link in concerted human activity, as a piece of human behaviour. It is a mode of action and not a means of reflection” (p.4). By this definition, might language use be considered a social science?

9. In the case of the fisherman referenced in Bitzer, how does the rhetorical situation put a constraint on the length of utterance (p.5)? Why would a full sentence or paragraph or entire 1500 word theme not fit the fishermen’s rhetorical situation?

10. According to Bitzer’s definiton, what type of audience is necessary for a situation to be rhetorical (p. 7)? How does he distinguish between reader and audience?

11. Do you agree with Bitzer that neither scientific discourse (say a report on results of an experiment) nor poetic discourse can be deemed rhetorical because they don’t REQUIRE an audience to achieve their goals and they are not intended to bring about change? Explain your answer. 

#4- He defines a genuinely rhetorical audience in which one able to be mediator of change.

#10- The audience is people who are capable of being influenced by discourse and of being mediators of change.

http://revolutionradio.wordpress.com/2003/01/10/coloradan-ran-a-opinion-letter-ft-collins-city-councilor-marty-tharp/